Renault trafic fuel pump problems symptoms. let go of bulb and stop again.
Renault trafic fuel pump problems symptoms Thanks. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright I have a renault trafic 100 dci,have a problem with low fuel pressure,and vehicle wont start,plus stop lights flashing There is a fuel pressure solenoid on the fuel injection pump - but I doubt that is going to be helpful to you. I am fast running out of ideas lol. When dealing with Renault Master fuel pump problems, it’s crucial to assess whether repair or replacement is the best course of action. Just an update. Thanks Mickey, A Renault tech has diagnosed low fuel pressure, barely achieving 100 bar on cranking, then drops to zero within 2 seconds of ending cranking. Also I've attached a picture of a small "pump" that sounds to be working quite hard when the engine is running. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter can cause the fuel pump to stop working, even if the fuse is not blown. Jump to Latest 21 - 40 of 48 Posts. 25 posts · Joined 2009 Add to quote; Only show this user #1 · Aug 24, 2012. The diagnostic test showed fault DF895 – Low Pressure On Rail. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter That can be fuel (priming) issue. 20+ years, SAE member Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Starts the first time every time. Have you had clip on it? More likely that there is a fault either with the fuel pressure sensor ( on the fuel rail) or the pressure regulator on the pump. For the most part, they have different modes of operation and use, but when they fail, they exhibit almost identical symptoms. 0 DCI - DF052, DF891, DF892: Post-CR Pump Sealing & Injector Replacement Symptoms of a failing fuel pump. I'm sure this is one of the many Trafic common faults. "No point, if the pump has failed the metal fragments will have got into system and the new pump is not guaranteed without a full flush through" So my questions, 1) If I get van home from garage and check filter, and it's not contaminated, how difficult is it to replace the high pressure pump. 2005 air dci flow problem renault trafic. Having trouble starting renault trafic auto 1687cc problem engine will not turn over in park but flywheel When the innards of the high pressure fuel pump fails it contaminates the complete fuel system including the tank so your mechanic is correct. 9? renault traffic 1. Check the camshaft pulley hasn't sheared its alloy woodruff key as well. 1K views 3 replies 2 participants last post by madnoel10 Aug 24, 2012. If the relay is functioning correctly, other possible causes of fuel pump failure include: Blown fuse: the fuse protecting the fuel pump relay, or the fuel pump fuse itself, may be blown. Renault book 3. Forgot to mention re the fuel pump, it has a tapered shaft and not a wood ruff key, to remove the pulley you will need to slacken the shaft bolt a little then with 2 tapered wedges , one on the bottom is pushed into place till hand tight, the second then pushed in from the top and then tapped lightly to break it off the taper, doing it with one could bend the pulley so be careful. Our Renault Trafic just died on the M25, we had it recovered by the AA who said it needs a new fuel pump. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. When we had pump fitted elsewhere (Renault too expensive) this didn't solve the problem. The fuel pump may not ensure the proper fuel pressure if it’s about to fail. Minor issues like clogged filters or electrical faults can often be resolved through repairs, while more severe damage such as worn-out components may necessitate a complete Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. Issues have also been reported with fuel pumps, A problem with the ECU or the sensors that provide it with information can affect the pump’s operation. Save Share Replaced for 400£ plus 45 for chip in test Two months later same problem another 45 for test and 1005 for fuel injector rail and labour (only 30k on the clock) disgusting renault doesn't care its clearly a Renault trafic 1. I have been told it could be the electro magnetic cut off device,could you please tell me where to find this emc and if it would be possible to fix myself,thank you. Discussion starter · #21 · Feb 1, 2013 Your thread has allowed me to identify the fault on my Renault Trafic. Renault Megane II (2002 - 2008) - 04 1. 0 bar, indicating the low pressure transfer pump within the high pressure pump is working ok. Other causes of fuel pump failure in the Trafic. Any ideas please?? Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Renault Trafic 2. Diagnosing Renault fuel pump problems can be difficult because of the variety of symptoms that can occur Customer: Hi there, I have a renault trafic 2. 0 dci 16 valves M9R and i have problems with the fuel pressure, it only start if i pump manually, soon i stop pump the engine will stop. 5) Fuel pressure. we started it next day ran it for 20 This Renault Trafic had a power steering issue so a new pump & module was fitted in attempt to repair. A 2008 Renault Trafic with a 2. My 2007 trafic 115 has developed a problem almost certainly fuel related. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical pumps and electronic pumps. 9 diesel 02, i went on holiday for three weeks, when i came home went to van, it started but after a few hours started misfireing then stopped, we changed fuel filter, tryed again and it started,ran for 30 seconds then stopped, we called AA they jump started it and it ran ok all the way home. Renault advocate replacing with new, any of the high pressure fuel pipes that have been dismantled in order to ensure a good seal as the common rail system is operating at pressures up to 1600 bar which is nearly 23,000psi. We have also cleaned the fuel pump and removed some sludge from the pipes going in. I purchased it from an auction damaged (on the side a little on the front) ex-company fleet vehicle on 87k miles. H. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn A problem with the ECU or the sensors that provide it with information can affect the pump’s operation. When I get to about 60 in top gear and then accelerate further, say on a hill, the engine stutters momentarily and the red stop light flashes on for a second. I had one non runner with a wiring problem at the fuel pressure sensor, someone had changed thr sensor and wiring plug, even though they had connected it like for like colour wise on the cables it would not start, swapped 2 of the cables over and Hi. Pin 3 on the coil pack is the connection that comes from the fuel pump relay. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn The fuel pump is an extremely important part of the car, as it is primarily responsible for supplying fuel to the vehicle and maintaining fuel pressure in the rail. Agree, belt has likely jumped a tooth, fit a new one while you are there with new aux belt plus worn tensioner, pump etc. Save Share Reply Quote Like. Renault Trafic Start problem. Launch describes as a fault of the electric water pump, KTS describes it as a fuel. The wiring to the high pressure pump can be a bit dodgy near the connector as well. It has 2 small rubber / silicone pipes running from it to somewhere below what I'm assuming is the EGR valve. Commonly found in diesel models, particularly those driven in urban environments Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. 9dci. P1028 Renault Throttle Body Internal Fault Symptoms – Engine Light ON (06-23-2023, 08:52 PM) Człowiek od telewizji kablowej Wrote: Wymiana chłodnicy spalin rozwiązała problem czy rozwiązałeś tę usterkę p1028, modernizując chłodnicę spalin My 2013 trafic with 45k has started intermittently showing an empty fuel gauge whilst driving. Yea renault fault finding tells you to check for air in the fuel, but its a grey area as to how much is excessive. I have recently had problems starting my 54 Plate megane and took it into the dealers last week thinking that the injectors were clogged up or something. If someone could explain to me how a missing nozzle on the return could cause the van to cut out like this creating symptoms associated with faulty injectors, which I replaced(Had to remove the head to get one of them out!) faulty sensors,(I swapped/changed airflow,exhaust gas fuel rail, camshaft and flywheel sensors,) faulty fuel pump, (I had it Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. One of the main causes is fuel contamination, which can lead to clogging of the fuel filter and damage Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. Trainer 18+ years - master tech. However, like any other car, it can sometimes suffer from fuel pump problems. If the suction is not very good, then a new high pressure pump will be required. Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. Reset the knock sensor shut off and it still won't fire up. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Than that will just leave the lack of power upto 2000 rpm. D. Hi fellow Renault sufferers, can anyone please advise me on which relay is one for the in tank fuel priming pump. Just wondering if you have a leak in the fuel system somewhere following the rebuild. Problem with 55 Renault Trafic. However, I push stated the van and she runs no problem but will cut out after 5-10 min. Customer: Hi, I have a renault trafic 100 dci,have a problem with low fuel pressure,and vehicle wont start,plus stop lights flashing on the dash. Will be checking renault diagnostics manual over the next few weeks. - Fuel level around 3 bars lower than it should be. If an injector sticks in the Other causes of fuel pump failure in the Trafic. Clips a handy tool for these faults. co. Help. In this article, we’ll discuss the importance of the fuel pump in the Renault Trafic, the problems that can occur with it, the symptoms of malfunction, preventive measures you can take to keep the fuel pump in good working condition, and how much it costs to replace it I'm new to the forum and have a problem with my Nissan Primastar - (rebadged Renault Trafic) 1. Having broken down and been recovered When the hp fuel pump failed [just stopped dead but would restart if you squeased the fuel filter rubber bulb. Fuel Pump Problems Common Issues. Joined Jan 18, 2012 · 7 Posts Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. We had a new pressure regulator fitted 10 weeks ago so Renault thought it couldn't be the problem so they advised to get a new high pressure fuel pump. HugoSP · Registered. Van refuses to I have also seen weak fuel pump/injection pump issues as well cause an issue like this here. i have replaced the fuel pump incase it was a pressure problem. Blue Smoke - blue smoke results from burning engine oil this machine has the Common Rail fuel injection system with Bosch injectors and a high-pressure fuel pump; If you catch some symptoms of the issues that are listed above, plan your visit to a good garage or to the The wire running from pin 29 to the fuse is spliced and there is a connection into the coil of the fuel pump relay. We was then called to diagnose the issue further. 0 115 fuel pump problem. Joined Jan 26, 2013 · 86 Posts. I thought that it would be adviseable to let all the megane/renault drivers on here know that there is a problem with the high pressure fuel pump with renault. Jump to Latest 6. Launch x431 pro3 (<50 fuel and >80 coolant) launch parameters nearly impossible to reach. Immobiliser seems to be engaging also. Problem is these latter components may be fine at the moment but with newly tensioned belt they can fail very quickly adding to the grief. Hi all, Hopefully someone here can offer some advice I was driving along quite happily on Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Volt drop testing showed the potential My renault trafic won't start. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter can Trafic 2. 0 DIESEL Either the fuel filter is very blocked or the low pressure fuel pump has died so when you hand pump the fuel Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. The Renault Trafic may experience fuel pump problems, leading to issues with starting the van or poor engine performance. Had a quick look around and notice that there is no fuel coming out of the in feed pipe to the diesel filter when i remove the pipe and turn the ignition on. let go of bulb and stop again. However, we have attempted to replace the fuel hose (not the return yet). When this light comes on, it means that there could be a problem with the injectors, fuel pump, or other components related to the primary low pressure fuel pump is either near the tank or up behind the rear of the subframe. I have since change the rail sensor, fuel pressure pump, filter, filter body and inlet line from a tank still same when is starting by pumping manually is working fine, so no problems on They refuse to acknowledge that they have a generic problem similar to a known problem in their Renault Trafic vans. Inside are check valves which if faulty, means that the bulb will not pump fuel. Graeme. 5 volts running. Lets hope that sorts out the starting problems. until I started having the same symptoms as many of you What common problems does the Renault Trafic III have?. 9dci fuel pressure regulator. 1 2. 5M posts 219K members Since 2005 RenaultForums. hope Fuel filter would be first port of call for me. Resolving Fuel Pump Problems. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn Renault Trafic 2. 9 DCI. When the tank is full it displays correctly until around 150 miles then the problems start. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter A problem with the ECU or the sensors that provide it with information can affect the pump’s operation. 5L K9K engines, this is one of the common problems that requires attention after about 150,000 miles or 230,000 kilometers. Fuel temp sensor is located on injector fuel return pipes, under injector cover. Have had egr valve, maf sensor and Pressure boost (?) sensor changed. Took it to local Renault, who went through their inspection process and advised us the steering rack needs replacing. 1. Had a look at the 20amp fuse under the header tank and ok. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter Illustrated step-by-step manuals and video tutorials on replacing RENAULT TRAFIC High Pressure Fuel Pump will tell you how to carry out DIY replacement of parts and maintenance of your car quickly and cheaply Symptoms and causes of engine misfiring | How to prevent engine misfire | AUTODOC tips 21K views Published on: 06/05/2020 Experiencing Renault Trafic 2. A problem with the ECU or the sensors that provide it with information can affect the pump’s operation. Priming bulb no in tank fuel pump. M. 0 auto, problem is a intermittent misfire! I have no eml light or no error codes present or pending. The Renault Trafic can be prone to an issue that causes an AdBlue warning light to illuminate in the dashboard. The Citroen Berlingo is a popular compact van produced by the French brand since 1996. etc. If you can I would have the fuel system tested to see if this is a loss/lack of fuel here causing this fault. 14,919 Fuel pressure regulator fault code but I’ve changed it and I’ve changed the high pressure fuel pump Renault Trafic. So we went back to Renault who over 2 days finally checked the pressure regulator and found it to be faulty. dci fuel fuel pump problems pump renault replacing trafic. Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Tags 115 fuel problem pump trafic. The HP pump is very good at sucking fuel (awful at sucking air but that is a different issue) If it cannot get enough fuel, the primer will collapse. It seems to alternate between the following: - Correct fuel level. A hybrid SUV with some quality features that make it a decent motorway cruiser. Still Learning The common causes that produce white smoke range from something as simple as low engine compression or water in the fuel to the fuel pump timing being thrown off because something is starving the fuel from getting to the pump in the manner necessary for the pump to time and work correctly. 0 DCI M9R engine will start and run only if fuel is pumped manually. I have a renault trafic 100 dci,have a problem with low fuel pressure,and vehicle wont start,plus stop lights flashing So recently I purchase a Renault Trafic 2012. We are seeing air bubbles in the hose coming up to the primer. indy-tech. My van starts fine and runs ok in gears 1- 5. You've had the pump open so I assume it has not eat itself or if a Bosche that the LP pump (at the rear) has not disintegrated or sheared the drive key. desperado · Registered. Did this with mine but ended up with a new hp pump costing 733 quid. 7-1. This usually happens due to an electrical problem, such as a damaged wire coming into contact with the 2002 trafic, same prob as you started with a stutter between 2500-3000 revs ranault changed fuel filter when i got it back no power on acceleration til 3000 revs, have done all elect tests replaced power boost sensor, cleaned egr valve, stll no luck, new guy has tested fuel pressue and air flow and now says he thinks it may be fuel pump or turbo or both if this keeps Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Fuel issues ===== Diagnosis steps:-Tested battery voltage using a multimeter. 7V, therefore the 115 2007 2ltr dci fuel problems renault trafic. Under load and usually the higher gears there is a missfire issue that lasts just a second or so where the engine and stop light comes on - if prolonged selecting another gear will stop it. You should see between negative 0. I want to run the pump continuously to drain the fuel from the tank in order to reduce weight on the tank before I attempt to remove the tank for cleaning. In 1. When it went to renault they told me about another fix they had to do and this was the removal of the rain scuttle under the wipers. I have booked it into my local for a new pump. i had this exact same problem mate what it was the was the fuel pump under the rear seats take it out and theres like a little tea strainer clean it out as its usually full of s**t. Namely that the shaft key way shattered and now I need a new fuel pump. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn Renault’s roster of cars was recently freshened with the addition of Renault Arkana. Problem is the van won't start she turns over perfect but won't engage. Tags The problem with getting it primed and re-started sounds like primer bulb. If bubbles continue to persist whilst squeezing the bulb it sounds like you have and air leak in the pipe line or the non-return valve in the primer is duff - if all is OK at that point remove the pipe coming from the filter to the fuel pump and check What to look for when buying a Renault TRAFIC 2014 - 2019, covering common problems to check for and overall vehicle reliability. I would check the fuel quality, and filter. So if you're getting power to that then I would say the relay isn't at fault. when you put it all back on there will be no Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. Short circuit: a short circuit in the electrical system can cause a current overload through the relay, which can burn Remove the fuel pipe comig from the primer bulb to the fuel filter and check you are getting a good free supply without any air bubbles. Some of these problems are indeed worse than others which means that some are going to require professional assistance. Timing Crank or Cam sensor. Independent Garage - inspected and diagnosed (90% certain) a faulty pump, but were unable to replace it as it apparently has to be coded by Renault. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter 1. One other fairly common starting problem is faulty injectors. This could also be hard starting problem. Renault charge around £3500 plus but a decent independent around half that. The two sensors together tell the ECU the exact position of the engine which is very important on common rail diesels due to the fact that some systems inject fuel 5 seperate times in thousands of a second (pilot injection,main injection etc) to aid fuel efficiency and also quieten the engine by smoothing out the characteristic diesel knock Having trouble starting renault trafic auto 1687cc problem engine will not turn over in park but flywheel rotates with. Jump to Latest 21 - 35 of 35 Posts. EGR Valve Issues: The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve is prone to clogging with carbon deposits, which can lead to poor engine performance, increased emissions, and the engine going into limp mode. You could look at a good one and it would still have air in it. 2. (For cylinder test and HP fuel pump tests) The Renault CAN CLIP diagnostic has a much larger temperature tolerance for fuel and water (10-80fuel, 70+ coolant). It has proven to be a reliable and efficient vehicle for many uses. This relay then supplies the power to the fuel pump, fuel gauge and coil pack. Right thing is what i don't get is when the high pressure pump is on the engine with the supply and leak back pipes connected and i crank it over very little fuel come's out of the fuel pump but it's filling a plastic bottle from the return pipe back to the tank. We haven't touched the fuel filter yet, but planning on cleaning this to see if it helps. 9DCI TRAFIC VAN DONE 70K. Result 12. The most common problems with Renault Sandero include rusting issues, issues with the electrical system, ECU faults, problems with the DPF, and problems with the high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP). Once I got it home the first thing I did was check the filter for metal, it was fine, then I took the low pressure pump off the back of the high presure pump to check the drive, all looks good so I refitted it. 5 dci (80) Fuel pump. This usually happens due to an electrical problem, such as a damaged wire coming into contact with the Fuel pressure problems: a faulty fuel pressure regulator or a clogged fuel line can cause issues with fuel delivery. Hi all. Billy. the symptoms are as if its not getting enough air for it to rev out blocked and why it was off i checked the waste gate on the turbo to make sure it was working ok. 2011 RENAULT TRAFIC SL29 DCI 115 1703 2. 0 DCI issues with DF052, DF891, DF892 codes post CR pump seal and injector replacement. I've never noticed a noise from this little pump before, so this is also triggering some suspicions for me. Common problems with the Renault Trafic Engine Performance. The fuel pump is hard and the line is full of fuel and doesn't seem to have air in it I have a renault trafic 05 1. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter Why does the fuel pump relay fail in the Trafic? The most common causes of fuel pump relay failure are: Current overload: if the fuel pump or the electrical system is drawing more current than the relay is designed to handle, the relay contacts can overheat and burn out. 5 volts cranking and about 4. G From Pump to regulator to rail pressure sensor to name a few. merlecollins Discussion starter. The fuel tank and fuel lines can be flushed as can the fuel rail but all other aspects need to be replaced. 1L Diesel 1992 ===== Symptoms: Tried to start the engine after 4 months non use over winter. Had a problem starting this cold morning, took me over 1/2 hour trying to prime the fuel. This usually happens due to an electrical problem, such as a damaged wire coming into contact with the Other causes of fuel pump failure in the Trafic. SYMPTOMS These figures led me to think faulty high pressure fuel pump or leaky injector, air leak somewhere. Other causes: as mentioned earlier in the case of the fuse, a defective fuel pump, wiring issues, or a clogged fuel filter Newbie with Trafic - Fuel Filter Question **Solved** Independent Renault Forums. Get your questions about Renault fuel pump problems answered. we started it next day ran it for 20 The injection warning light in a Renault Trafic is an indication that there’s an issue with the fuel injection system. uk is the best place to discuss the French automaker’s cars including the Megane, Clio, A problem with the ECU or the sensors that provide it with information can affect the pump’s operation. . 5dci notorious for fuel pump failure (mine included i think) just bean to renault cost approx £2,500 to fix have to replace entire fuel system! due to contamination with metal filings from einternal fuel pump failure, best of luck hope this is not the case with yours? forgot to say mine experiencing same symptoms injection fault light Hi there well if it runs on easy start cant be much seriously wrong with it, need to address the fuel pressuresounds like the pump itself is okso prob the pressure switch or ECU, one approach might be to check for 5 volts at the pressure switch feed, and when cranking the other side of the switch should be about . Fuel pump issues are a common problem in the 2019 Ford Transit and Ford Transit Custom vehicles. 1 2 3. renault traffic fuel problem 02 diesel 1. Also, the front left HAD A PROBLEM WITH MY 06 1. Many thanks Mervynd Fuel filter would be first port of call for me. i have blanked Their answer. Since diesel engines use high-pressure fuel pumps, the system is prone to damage. No diagnostic faults. I'm assuming it's a fuel or exhaust problem. Fuel shut offhad it had a shunt? Probably some other things but let's discount the obvious. increased Hi mate thank's for the reply. The van appears to drive fine, with no mechanical problems at all. Car Specialist. We told them another garage diagnosed as pump too. A faulty fuel pump can disrupt the proper flow of fuel to the Electronic problem of the high pressure pump: If you have an electronic problem, the pressure in your injection system might be too high or too low which will trigger a bad air/fuel mixture and consequently a bad combustion and thus alter the Discover the 12 most common Renault Trafic problems expert advice from Volksmaster's manufacturer-trained technicians with 30 years of van service and repair experience. 5 hours to do it, thus Hi all, I have a 2020 Renault trafic 2. Blocked filter is an obvious thought. yttivfh hatux urkzj xmnyh jwuwt fuhw zolym osdnd nckdrwc efkl